Process of and apparatus for refrigerating cars



(No Model.) H. TALLIGHET. zsheethsneet 1.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING- GAES. No. 308,008. PatentedNov. 11, 1884.

5 7/2 0 0000 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOO'OOOGOOOOOOO WITNESSES: gINVENTQR:

ATTOEEEY'S.

N, PETERS, Pholvl-ilhognphar, Wm'm mn DJ;

(No Model.) H. TALLIOHET.

2 SheetsShegt 2.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR REFRIGBRATI NG .GARS.

No. 308,008. Patented Nov. 11, 1884.

WITNESSES: Y Y INVENTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

N FETERi Phalwliibognpher. Wishington. 0.1:

NlTE STATES HENRY TALLIOHET, on AUSTIN, TEXAS;

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,008, dated November11, 1884.

Application filed May 12, 1884.

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY TALLIOHET, of Austin, in the county of Travisand State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inProcess of and Apparatus for Refrigeration, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

My invention has for its object to provide an improved system ofrefrigeration and apparatus for applying the same to practical use.

' The invention consists in a process and various sub-processes andapparatus whereby the passage of air-currents over a water-saturatedporous jacket wholly or partly enveloping a chill-room is made rapidlyto evaporate the water for cooling the chill-room, which has asurrounding air-space fitted with exhaustfan ventilators for inducingrapid air currents over the saturated jacket, and whereby also thechill-room is ventilated and pure atmospheric air supplied thereto in adry condition, thus avoiding the presence of dead air in the chill-room,and whereby, also, the cold-water drip from the ice-chamber is utilizedto cool the chill-room by its distribution over the exterior surfaces ofthe room, and the flow of the drip-water may be controlled at anydesired predetermined temperature, the Whole process and apparatus beingextremely simple and well calculated for effective and economicalrefrigeration, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

My invention is applicable to almost every usual form of stationaryrefrigerator in cold store-houses, provision-houses, breweries, 850.;but in its application to refrigerating railwaycars an opportunity isafforded for combining all the important features of my invention in amanner clearly to set forth its advantages, and I will more particularlydescribe the invention as applied to a railway-car.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a partofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure lis a vertical longitudinal sectional elevation of a railway-carembodying my improvements.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same in section on line m m, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is (No model.)

ice-chambers.

The letter a indicates the body of the car having any approved double orpacked walls serving as non-conductors of heat andcold, and suitableside door or doors. The car in connection for opening the drip-cocks ofthe this instance is fitted with two chill-rooms,

b b, one at or near each end, and'of a size to afford free air-spaces cat the sides and ends of the rooms, the center air-space, (I, beingwider for access to the rooms through their doors 6. These chill-roomsare jacketed on the sides and top, if desired, with porous jackets h ofunglazed earthenware, felt, or any other absorbent material. Thechill-rooms rest upon openwork or slat floor f, beneath which I arrangea water tank or tanks, 9, in which may be stored water, or water andice, or ice only, with the drippings of which the porous jackets of thechill-rooms are to be kept saturated by apump, a, located in the centralair-space, d, andhaving suitable pipe-connections, I), for dischargingwater from the tank 9 onto the top of the chill-rooms, to furnish aconstant supply to the porous jackets by overflowing down the sides ofthe jackets, to be absorbed and evaporated one of the car-axles forbeing operated thereby by any approved contrivance of gearing, which itis not necessary to show. The tank 9 is to have a well consisting of alittle depression, 0, into which the suction-pipe of the therefrom. Thepump is to be geared with pump will extend, and the bottom of the tankis to be made to descend each way to the well, for causing the water toflow thereto when low in the tank. The well should extend below thelevel of the bottom of the tank and under the car, so far as space willallow, so as to drain off the drippings in case ice alone should bestored in the tank. Air is to be forced into the space between the topof the tank and the floor on whichthe chill-rooms rest by one or moreair fans or blowers, i, arranged to be driven from the car axle orwheels, or by other motor, and to supply air to and force it through theair-spaces c, for evaporating the water from at j, preferably at theroof, and these fans may I alone induce sufficiently strong air-currentsthrough air-spaces c to render the use of the blowers t unnecessary; butthe blowers are a valuable auxiliary. \Vhen the car is not moving andthe blowers t are inoperative, and should the outside air have littleeffect to revolve the exhaust-fans j, there would ensue a rise oftemperature in the chill-rooms, and to guard against this Ilocate overthe chill-rooms b the ice chambers is, opening at or near their tops forsupply of ice, and tight at the bottom to hold the drip-water from theice. The icechambers have direct cooling effect on the roofs of thechill-rooms and on the air surrounding them. The consumption of ice willbe small with the exhaust-fans at j in operation by wind-pressure, andwhen the blowers 13 are in action the ice waste will be reduced to aminimum.

It will be noticed that the arrangements of apparatus above describedprovide for a cooling of the chill-rooms in every exigency of travel andwithout recourse to independent motors-as small steam engines or gearingdriven from the locom otive-and the car, being self-contained, may bereadily switched about as required in making up trains.

To ventilate the chill-room b, I have arranged at or near the bottom ofthe ice-chamber In the central portion, m, of a continuous tube or pipe,said portion on having a zigzag or sinuous construction for a circuitousroute of the air therethrough. Said portion 121 serves also as a rack onwhich to place the ice and hold it above the drip-water collecting atthe bottom of chamber k. The pipe portion m is set in inclined positionand has a branch, m, passing outward and downward and opening to theouter air at on", and has anotherbranch, 1117, from the other end, whichpasses down into the chill-room, and ranges, preferably, along the roofto the opposite side or end of the room, down which it extends to nearthe chill-room floor, where it has an open mouth at on, all as shown inFig. 1. Fresh air entering the pipe at m rises to and through itssinuous portion m in the ice-chamber, and in its passage through thepipe the air is de-.

prived of its moisture by condensation of the latter on the inner wallsof the pipe, and the air then descends through branch pipe m to escapeat m in a pure, cool, and dry condition, best suited for purposes ofventilation. The incline of the worm 'm permits a self-discharge of thecondensed vapors taken from the air at or from the inlet m so that thevaporcondensing action of the pipe will always be unobstructed.

At a point preferably as far removed as may be from the cold-air outleton, I pass into the chill-room b one open end, 0, of a pipe, 0, theother open end, 0 of which may open directly into the airspacesurrounding the chill-room, but preferably into the case of one of theexhaus't-fans at j. The pipe 0 thus acts constantly to exhaust,circulate, and charge the air of the chill-room, the air-supply to whichis maintained by the pipe m m m, as before explained, and consequentlydead air in the chill -room and the well -known deleterious effects ofsuch air on the stored goods are avoided.

To increase and quicken the cold-air circulation in the chill-room I lita cap, 1), by spider-arms q, Fig. 4, to the head or outlet 0 of pipe 0,to induce air-currents from the cold-air spaces surrounding thechill-room to intermingle and discharge with the air-currents throughpipe 0 from the chill-room. I make further provision for reducing thetemperature of the chill-room b by saturating its top and side wallswith the cold-water drip of the icechamber It, which I prefer toaccomplish automatically and at any premeditated temperature by anelectrical contrivance acting on a valved outlet from the ice-chamber,as next described.

The letter T represents any suitable electrical-battery device, thepoles of which connect by wires with an electro-magnet, s, positioned tohave effect on an armature, t, which is attached to a crank-arm,u,rigidly connectedwith the plug of a valve or cock, 1), communicatingwith the interior of the ice-chamber next its floor, and discharginginto a shallow tray on the chill-room roof formed by narrow ledges,flanges, or rims w, fixed to the side edges of the car-roof, so that thewater escaping from the ice-chamber shall fill the tray and flow overthe rims w down the chill-room sides for materially reducing theinterior temperature of the chill-rooms, the drip-water passing be lowinto the tank or receptacle 9, to be utilized by the pumps in a mannerbefore described.

Anyapproved plan or devices for effecting a uniform distribution of theice drip-water over the exterior walls of the chill-rooms may beemployed. 1

For completing the electric circuit to open valve 1) of the ice-tank atany predetermined temperature of the air-spaces surrounding thechill-rooms any approved devices may be used. In the example shown Iarrange a mercury bulb and tube, c connected in the circuit by a wire,b", leading to one side of a magnet, s, and in the mercury-tube I pass acontact rod or wire, (1, which connects to one pole of the battery r atthe upper end, and against the lower end of which rod (2 the mercury mayIIO rise to complete the circuit. The rod d being vertically adjustable,it may be set at will to close the circuit at any desired temperature,40 being preferred in practice. When the circuit is broken by the fallof the mercury, the spring a, Fig. 6, draws back the valve-arm a andcloses the valve to prevent waste of the cold water in the ice-tank.

It will be understood that I do not limit myself to any particular sizeor form'of tank 9 beneath the chill-rooms, and the particular form ofthe sinuous ventilating-pipe at m may vary from that shown with goodresults.

Among the advantages of myinvention may be named the automatic action ofthe apparatus, and without the use of chemicals as refrigerating agents,except those indirectly employed in the battery 1. There is nocomplicated machinery required, and which is so liable to derangement,and the simple fan-blower and exhaust-ventilators are readilyaccessible. The quantity of ice used is reduced to a minimum, as itseffects are required only or principally when the other means fail bystoppage of ,the car, and the small quantity of ice required to becarried increases the freight-carrying capacity of the car. Thechill-rooms are thoroughly ventilated, the water required is everywhereobtainable, and the cars may be built and maintained at comparativelysmall cost.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desireto-sccure by Letters Patent- 1. As an improvement in a process ofrefrigeration, passing atmospheric air-currents over a water-saturatedjacket of porous material enveloping a chill-room positioned in a,

cold-air space, said chill-room having an adjacent or superposedice-chamber, in whichis placed in inclined position a sinuous inductionventilating-pipe having branches opening into the outer air and into thechill-room, substantially as specified.

2. As an improvement in a process of refrigeration, passing atmosphericaircurrents over a water-saturated jacket of porous material envelopinga chill-room positioned in a cold-air space, said chill-room having anadjacent or superposed icechamber, in which is placed in inclinedposition a sinuous induction ventilating-pipe having branches openinginto the outer air and into the chill-room, which latter also has aneduction ventilatingpipe discharging into the outer air, substantiallyas specified.

3. As an improvement in a process of refrigeration, passing atmosphericair-currents over water-saturated jacket of porous material enveloping achill-room positioned in a coldair space, and which room has thecold-water drip from its adjacent ice-chamber distributed over itsexterior walls automatically by mecl1- anism operated by variations oftemperature, substantially as specified.

4:. The combination, in a refrigerating apparatus, of the inclosure a,chill-room b, resting upon an open floor, f, and located in asurrounding air-space, the porous jacket h, a water-reservoir, andconnections for saturating the porous jacket, and an ice chamber, 7r,substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a refrigerating apparatus, oft-he inclosure a,chill-room b, having open floor f, porous jacket h, and a water-supplythereto, an ice-chamber, k, and an induction ventilating-pipe, m m mcommunicating with the outer air and with the interior of thechill-room, said pipe having a sinuous course through theice-chamber,and an induction ventilating-pipe,0, connecting the chill-room with theoutside air, substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination, with the chill-room b and its ice-chamber 7c, of theinduction ventilating-pipe m m m, opening to the outer air andchill-room and passing in a sinuous course through the ice-chamber andthe eduction ventilating-pipe 0, connecting the chill-room with theair-inlet of a ventilating-fan, which exhausts the air from the spacesurrounding the chill-rooms, substantially as shown and described.

7. The eduction ventilating-pipe 0, leading from the chill-room b and toan opening from the cold-air space to the outer air, said opening beingfitted with an exhaust-fan ventilator, substantially as shown anddescribed.

8. The eduction ventilating-pipe 0, leading from the chill-room b and toan opening, j, from the cold-air space surrounding the chillroom to theouter air, said opening being fitted with an exhaust-fan ventilator, andsaid pipe 0 having a cap, p, for stimulating induced outfiowingaircurrents, substantially asshown and described.

9. The combination,with the chill-room b, the exterior ice-chamber, 7c,and its ice-water dripvalve o, of means for discharging the ice-dripwater overthe exterior walls of the chi1l-roorn, substantially as shownand described.

10. The combination,with the chill-room b, the ice-chamber k, and itsdrip-water valve 2;, of a shallow tank on the roof of the chill-room,substantially as shown and described.

11. The combination, with the chill-room b, the ice-chamber k, itsdrip-water valve 12, and means for discharging the drip-water over theexterior walls of the chill-room, of an electrical apparatus connectedto open the drip-valve by a completion of an electrical circuit causedby a rise of temperature, and arranged to effect a closure of the valvewhen the circuit is broken, substantially as described.

H. TALLICHET.

Vitnesses:

A. M. JACKSON, J r., A. H. GRAHAM.

